大学德育转识成智理念的偏离及体系重构

Converting Knowledge into Wisdom in University Moral Education: Ideational Deviation and System Restructuring

转识成智是德育工作者为反对灌输式教育而借用来的表达方式。当下高校德育工作中对转识成智仍然存在模糊认识:就"转"的主体而言忽视了大学生个体的内生动力,就"识"的内容而言割裂了思想政治教育和道德品质教育,就"成"的过程而言弱化了大学德育的实践活动,就"智"的目的而言泛化了大学德育的智慧提升。转识成智的主体建构要求达到主体与客体、个人与他人、个人与环境之间的转化性、交互性的德育教化效果,因此必须实现教师和学生的主体转换。转识成智知识理论体系的构筑要注意课堂德育知识和课外德育知识的有机结合,强调思想政治教育知识和传统文化教育知识的融合。转识成智德育实践同样强调融合,即师与生融合、与校园融合、与社会融合。转识成智是认识思维的升华,是道德认知思维和元学思维的统一,有一个由外化到内化的转化过程,最终目的就是要把智慧内化为美好德性和品行。

Converting knowledge into wisdom is an expression borrowed by moral educators to show their objection to inculcation kind of education. The current moral education is still not very clear about this idea. In terms of the subject of converting,” the inherent motivation of individual college student is ignored;in terms of the content of knowledge,” the relationship between ideological and political education and moral education is torn up;in terms of the process expressed by into,” the practical feature of moral education is weakened;in terms of the purpose of wisdom,” the function of wisdom promotion in moral education is over\|generalized. Converting knowledge into wisdom requires that the conversion and interaction be achieved between subjects and objects, between individuals and others, and between individuals and environment. It also requires that the moral knowledge in and out of classroom should be integrated. It is the elevation of understanding, the shift from externalization to internalization, aiming finally to internalize wisdom into good virtues.