美国《进口海产品监管法案(SIMP)》的实施及对我国打击进口海产品IUU捕捞的借鉴意义

The Implementation of American Seafood Import Monitoring Program(SIMP) and Its Reference to China for Attacking IUU Fishing of Imported Seafood

为打击IUU捕捞和海产品欺诈活动,美国国家海洋与大气管理局(NOAA)于2016年12月9日发布了《进口海产品监管法案(SIMP)》最终稿,2017年1月9日起正式生效,2018年1月1日起,法案中涉及的优先品种强制实施,但其中虾、鲍鱼符合日期推迟到2018年12月31日,且最终可能扩大到所有品种。该法案的核心内容是,建立一个海产品追溯信息系统,以确保进口海产品来源的合法性,防止IUU捕捞或欺诈海产品流入美国市场。本文详细介绍了法案起草背景和其主要内容,比较分析了美国SIMP法案与欧盟IUU法规之间的差异,在此基础上对完善我国打击进口海产品IUU捕捞管理措施等方面提出意见建议。

In order to combat IUU fishing and seafood fraud activities, NOAA Fisheries published a final rule establishing the Seafood Import Monitoring Program (SIMP) On December 9, 2016. This final rule is effective on January 9, 2017. The compliance date for the priority species is January 1, 2018. However, the date of conformity of shrimp and abalone is postponed to 31 December 2018. Eventually it could be extended to the all varieties. The core content of the bill is to establish a seafood traceability information system to ensure the legitimacy of the source of imported seafood and prevent IUU fishing or fraudulent seafood from entering the United States market. The paper introduces the background and main contents of the bill in detail, and compares and analyses the differences between the SIMP of the United States and the IUU Regulation of the European Union. On the basis, this paper puts forward some suggestions on improving IUU fishing management measures against imported seafood in China.