尤溪联合梯田稻作制度的演变与发展

Evolvement and development of rice cropping system in Lianhe terrace fields of Youxi County

实地与文献调查表明,联合梯田的发展与历史上人口迁徙密切相关;稻作制度随时间推移由早期的一熟制向多熟制发展,随海拔高度增加由低海拔的三熟制向高海拔的一至二熟制转变;稻作模式由单季稻向丰富多样的复种轮作、间作以及立体种养转变。联合梯田目前保留了稻薯复种轮作、瓜稻复种轮作、烟稻复种轮作、稻草复种轮作、稻菜复种轮作、稻豆间作、再生稻栽培、稻鱼共作、稻鸭共作等9种典型稻作模式。

Both field and literature surveys showed that the development of Lianhe terrace fields of Youxi County was closely related to the historical migration of human populations. The rice cropping system evolved from single maturation crop to multiple maturation crops over the time, and along with increase of altitudes, with the increase of altitude, the transition from low-altitude three-cooked system to high-altitude one to two cropping system changed from three maturation crops at lower altitudes to single or two maturation crops at higher altitudes. The rice planting patterns was transformed from single season rice cropping to rich and diversified crop rotation, intercropping, and three dimensional cultivation. Through long-term practice, Lianhe terraces currently retain nine typical rice cropping patterns: multiple rotation cropping of rice-potato, rice-melon, rice-tobacco, rice-grass, rice-vegetable;intercropping of rice with bean;cultivation of ratoon rice;and integrated farming of rice with fish and rice with duck. These rice cropping patterns effectively maintained the productivity and stability of rice cropping system in Lianhe terrace.