关于五代马步狱的起源及演变

On the Origin and Evolution of Ma-Bu Prison of the Five Dynasties

马步狱亦称马步院或马步司狱,是五代宋初地方实行的一项重要的司法制度与监狱制度。马步狱起源于唐中后期军府设狱以侵夺地方司法刑狱权,最初只是节度等使府军候狱之一种。唐末五代随着藩镇属州作用的增大,以及马步军司在州军中地位的提高,遂致"诸州皆置"。宋初马步狱去军事化的改革,成为北宋地方司法鞫谳分司与翻异别推独特制度的直接渊源。马步狱是推动唐宋之际地方司法制度变革的重要因素。

The Ma-Bu prison also named Ma-Bu Yuan or Ma-Bu army prison,is an important judicial system and prison system during the period of Five Dynasties and early Song Dynast.Ma-Bu prison originated that the army set up prisons to trespass on Local judicial power in Mid-Late Tang Dynasty.At first,Ma-Bu prison is only one type of prisons that set up by the local army.In the Late Tang and Five Dynasties,Ma-Bu prison set up in every states along with the role of state more important and the status of Ma-Bu army improved.In the early Song Dynasty,Ma-Bu prison was demilitarized and leaded to the system of separation of prosecution and trial set up.Ma-Bu prison played an important role in promoting the transformation of local judicial system from Tang to Song dynasties.