2011-2018年北京市鼠情和鼠疫血清学调查

Investigation on rodents and F1 antibody of yersina pestis in Beijing from 2011 to 2018

目的了解北京市2011-2018年啮齿动物的种群构成和种群密度,并探索其间是否存在鼠疫耶尔森氏菌感染。方法 2011-2018年,在门头沟、延庆、怀柔、密云和顺义区设立监测点,采用夹夜法捕捉啮齿动物鉴定种属并测算种群密度。用笼捕法捕捉啮齿动物,对其心脏取血,分离血清进行鼠疫F1抗体检测。结果 2011-2018年,夹夜法共捕获1 454只啮齿动物,可以分为8个种,其中社鼠、大林姬鼠和黑线姬鼠是鼠疫可染疫动物,其构成比居前三位,依次为43.5%、33.6%和11.6%。啮齿动物年平均密度变动于2.52%和6.02%之间(P>0.05),各区平均密度在4.01%和6.22%之间(P>0.05),密度受季节影响较大,一般在秋季较高,10月份密度最高可达17.25%。从827只啮齿动物心脏取血开展鼠疫感染调查,鼠疫F1血清抗体结果均为阴性。结论北京市未发现达乌尔黄鼠等鼠疫储存宿主,也未发现本地啮齿动物中存在鼠疫菌感染,但本地的优势种群社鼠、大林姬鼠和黑线姬鼠等是可染疫动物,可能在鼠疫菌输入后造成短暂传播。

Objective To investigate the community composition, species diversity and density of rodents and to explore the infection of Yersinia pestis in Beijing during 2011 to 2018. Methods The surveillance was conducted in the districts of Mentougou, Yanqing, Huairou, Miyun and Shunyi. The species were identified and the density was calculated using the trap-at-night method. The blood samples were collected from the heart of the rodents captured alive by cage-trap method and the anti-Yersinia pestis F1 antibodies were tested using serological method referred to Diagnostic Criteria for plague(WS-279). Results There were 1 454 rodents captured during 2011 to 2018. These rodents were classified into eight species. Among them, Niviventer confucianus(43.5%), Apodemus peninsulae(33.6%) and Apodemus agrarius(11.6%) could be infected with and spread Yersina pestis. The density of rodents by year changed from 2.52% to 6.02%(P>0.05), and the density by district changed from 4.01% to 6.22%(P>0.05). The highest density(17.25%) was found in October. The serological F1 antibodies were all negative in 827 blood samples. Conclusion The three rodents with highest density could be infected by Yersinia pestis which are Niviventer confucianus, Apodemus peninsulae and Apodemus agrarius. But no infection of Yersinia pestis are founded by serological test method.