法无禁止即自由的解释与适用——基于已公开的裁判文书的考察

Interpretation and Application of Absence of Legal Prohibition Means Freedom

在现代国家,法律在于确保人的自由。而法无禁止即自由的思想,贯穿于自由主义和现代政治的理念之中。基于法院适用法无禁止即自由的95个司法案例的考察,法无禁止即自由体现为私法原则与公法原则,法院适用的场域绝大部分出现在民事案件,其次是行政案件。不过,部分法院对"法无禁止即自由"产生了单薄理解和不当适用。无论是作为私法原则还是公法原则,法无禁止即自由实质上应当关联到授权的国家理论以及自主的公民形象。法无禁止即自由在国家与公民的关系中,主要是确定自由的法律,而在公民与公民的关系中,则主要是确定法律框架内的自由密度。

In modern countries, the law is used to ensure human freedom. The idea of “absence of legal prohibition means freedom” runs through the concepts of liberalism and modern politics. Based on the investigation of 95 judicial cases in which “absence of legal prohibition means freedom” is applied in the court, we can find that principles of private law and public law are both embodied in it and the vast majority of the fields applied by the court appear in civil cases, followed by administrative cases. However, some courts have a thin understanding and improper application of “absence of legal prohibition means freedom”. Whether as the principle of private law or the principle of public law, the principle of “absence of legal prohibition means freedom” should in essence be related to the national theory of authorization and the image of self-determination of citizens. In the relationship between the state and the citizen,“absence of legal prohibition means freedom” mainly determines the law of freedom, and in the relation ship between citizens, it mainly determines the density of freedom within the legal framework.