线粒体在细胞衰老中的作用

Role of Mitochondria in Cellular Senescence

细胞衰老是指细胞增殖分化能力和生理功能逐渐发生衰退的过程。众多疾病与细胞衰老有关,衰老机制的研究对相关疾病致病机制的认识和治疗具有重要意义。近年来对于细胞衰老分子机制的研究主要包括氧化自由基学说、DNA损伤积累和端粒缩短等。线粒体的质量、活性改变与细胞衰老密切相关。线粒体功能障碍导致活性氧类代谢紊乱,造成DNA损伤,激活DNA损伤应答,导致细胞衰老。线粒体自噬能够选择性清除衰老、损伤的线粒体,促进线粒体更新,维持线粒体功能,缓解细胞衰老。

Cellular senescence refers to the gradual deterioration of cell proliferation and differentiation ability and physiological function.Many diseases are associated with cellular senescence,therefore the research on the mechanism of senescence has important significance for the understanding of the pathogenesis of related diseases and treatment.In recent years,the research on the molecular mechanism of cell senescence mainly includes the theory of oxidative free radicals,DNA damage accumulation,and telomere shortening.Changes in mitochondrial quality and activity are closely related to cell senescence .Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to reactive oxygen species metabolic disorders,resulting in DNA damage and activation of DNA damage response,leading to cell senescence.Mitophagy can selectively remove aging and damaged mitochondria ,promote mitochondrial renewal and maintain mitochondrial function,alleviating cell senescence.