中小学塑胶跑道中邻苯类塑化剂的含量监测与健康风险评估研究

Concentration monitoring and health risk assessment of phthalate acid esters in plastic tracks in primary and middle schools

近几年,"毒跑道"事件的持续爆发引起了社会公众的极大关注.邻苯二甲酸酯类(Phthalate Acid Esters, PAEs)塑化剂是塑胶跑道中的风险因子之一,但其含量监测与风险评估仍未见报道.本研究采集了13个地市中小学的83个塑胶跑道样本,使用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析6种PAEs的含量,并应用美国环保署提供的PAEs评估方法评估其健康风险.结果表明,94.0%的塑胶跑道样品中检出PAEs,其中,邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)检出率最高,达91.6%.6种PAEs(DEHP、DBP、DIDP、DINP、DNOP、BBP)含量之和(∑6PAEs)为0～26665 mg·kg^(-1),中位数为1850 mg·kg^(-1).经评估,塑胶跑道中6种PAEs的非致癌风险均低于1,对人体无明显非致癌危害.儿童和成人PAEs的致癌风险分别为8.84×10^(-6)和8.17×10^(-6),表明有一定致癌风险,但在可接受范围内.6种PAEs中,DEHP对非致癌风险和致癌风险的贡献度最大,并且儿童的风险高于成人.因此,将PAEs纳入中小学塑胶跑道的风险物质,并进行严格管控具有显著的必要性.

Recently, the outbreak of "toxic plastic tracks" has aroused great concern of the public. Phthalate acid Esters(PAEs) are one of the risk substances in plastic tracks. However, their concentration monitoring and health risk assessment have not been reported. In this study, six kinds of PAEs in eighty-three plastic track samples from 13 primary and middle schools were detected using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer(GC-MS). Moreover, the health risk of PAEs in plastic tracks was assessed based on the method recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA). The results show that PAEs were detected in 94.0% of the samples, among which the detection rate of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) was the highest(91.6%). The concentrations of the 6 PAEs(DEHP, DBP, DIDP, DINP, DNOP, and BBP) ranged from 0 mg·kg^-1 to 26665 mg·kg^-1, with a median value of 1850 mg·kg-1. The noncarcinogenic risk indexes of six PAEs were less than 1, indicating that there is no significant non-carcinogenic hazard. The carcinogenic risk indexes of PAEs were 8.84×10^-6(children) and 8.17×10^-6(adults), indicating that the carcinogenic hazards for both children and adults were reasonable and acceptable. DEHP contributed the most to the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. Notably, the health risk of PAEs in children was significantly higher than that in adults. Thus, it is necessary to incorporate PAEs into the risk substances of plastic track to limit the consumption.