紧急权的理论基础与体系建构

Theoretical Basis and System Construction of the Right of Necessity

作为紧急避险正当化实质根据的社会团结原则存在自由主义和共和主义两种解释路径,根据中国的宪法和国情,应当将共和主义作为建立紧急权体系的政治哲学基础。正当防卫是一种倡导性规范,承载着促进共同善和弘扬公民美德的制度价值,因此在道德上应当保持必要的纯洁性。保护自由和促进共同善这两项原则是建立紧急权体系的基础。整个紧急权体系包括正当防卫、扭送现行犯、防御型紧急避险、进攻型紧急避险、扭送非现行犯、自救行为六种紧急权。

As the essential proper foundation of the act of rescue, the principle of social solidarity has two different ways to be interpreted-liberalism and republicanism. According to China s constitution and current situation, republicanism should be chosen as the political philosophy basis of the system of the right of necessity. The rule of self-defense is a kind of advisory norm which bears the institutional value to propagate common good and virtue. Therefore, it should be morally chaste to some extent. The principle of protecting freedom and promoting common good are the basis for constructing the system of the right of necessity. The system of the right of necessity includes 6 kinds of rights: self-defense, seizing active criminal, defensive necessity, aggressive necessity, seizing non-active criminal, and self-help behavior.