光促进的糖基化反应研究进展

Advances on Photo-Promoted Glycosylation Reactions

糖类化合物与蛋白质、核酸均为基本的生命物质.糖不仅是生物体内的能量来源与结构物质,而且在许多生化过程(分子间识别、细胞间信息传递、免疫应答反应、细胞的分化和凋亡等)中也发挥着极为重要的作用.相较于核酸和蛋白质,糖类由于其种类的多样性和结构的复杂性,难有统一、高效的合成方法.伴随着光化学反应在有机合成中的应用,光促进的糖基化反应也吸引了越来越多科研工作者的注意.主要根据光促进糖基化反应使用的光源(紫外光、可见光)、催化剂(金属催化剂、非金属催化剂)的类型对近年来光促进糖基化反应的发展和应用进行分类总结和展望.

Carbohydrates, along with proteins and nucleic acids are known as basic life substances, which not only are the energy source and structure material, but also play an extremely important role in many biochemical processes, such as molecules recognition, information transformation in cells, interactions in immune response, differentiation and apoptosis of cells, etc. Compared to proteins and nucleic acids, the synthesis of oligosaccharides in chemical or enzymatic ways is more difficult, due to their diversified and complicated structures. Recently photo especially visible light promoted organic synthesis has become one of the fastest growing fields in organic chemistry attributed to its environmental friendliness, easy availability and low cost. This chemistry has also been applied to the photo-mediated glycosylation reactions by using various light sources (ultraviolet, visible light), photosensitizers (or photocatalysts), and additives (oxidants, reductants etc.), which provides milder and more effective ways for oligosaccharide assembly. To help chemists understand this field, we briefly reviewed recent advances and potential applications of photo-mediated glycosylation reactions according to their types (e.g. light sources, photosensitizers). In this review, we also detailly described the mechanisms and highlighted the advantages and limitations of these reactions. In addition, the further prospects of this area are proposed.