不同种植模式对延胡索产量及品质形成的影响

Effects of Different Cropping Patterns on the Yield and Quality Formation of Corydalis Rhizoma

目的研究不同种植模式下延胡索氮、磷、钾元素累积与分配对其产量、品质形成的影响,寻求不同种植模式下延胡索产量差异形成的因素。方法试验设置延胡索单作、延胡索与水稻复种、延胡索与玉米复种3个处理组,通过测定不同种植模式下延胡索的农艺学性状、光合性能、生物量、产量及有效成分延胡索乙素含量,同时测定植株中各部位氮、磷、钾元素含量,分析植株氮、磷、钾元素含量对延胡索生长发育及产量品质的影响。结果延胡索在复种条件下,其农艺性状、光合性能、收获时生物量、产量及有效成分含量更具优势,其中延胡索与水稻复种组效果最佳。延胡索植株的氮元素含量与块茎体积、产量、总生物量及净光合速率均呈显著正相关性;植株磷元素与总生物量成显著正相关;植株钾元素与延胡索乙素含量及净光合速率成显著正相关。结论复种通过影响氮、钾在植株中的累积与分配,能显著提高延胡索农艺学性状、光合性能及药材的产量与品质。推荐在水田多采用水稻-延胡索复种模式、在旱地多采用玉米-延胡索复种;可以在全国的山区范围内推广玉米-延胡索复种的种植模式。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of Corydalis Rhizoma and its yield and quality under different cropping patterns, and to find the factors of yield difference of Corydalis Rhizoma under different cropping patterns. METHODS Three treatments were set up in the experiment: single cropping of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang , multiple cropping of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang and rice, multiple cropping of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang and corn. The agronomic characters, photosynthetic performance, biomass, yield and effective component of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang under different cropping patterns were measured, at the same time, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different parts of the plant were determined. Then analyzing the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents on growth, yield and quality of Corydalis Rhizoma. RESULTS The agronomic characters, photosynthetic performance, biomass at harvest, yield and effective components of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang. were more advantageous under the condition of multiple cropping, especially in the combination of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang. and rice. The content of nitrogen in plants of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang was positively correlated with stem volume, yield, total biomass and net photosynthetic rate;the content of phosphorus was positively correlated with total biomass;and the content of potassium was positively correlated with tetrahydropalmatine and net photosynthetic rate. CONCLUSION Multiple cropping can affect the accumulation and distribution of nitrogen and potassium in plants, and significantly improve the agronomic characters, photosynthetic performance of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang and yield and quality of Corydalis Rhizoma.It is recommended that multiple cropping of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang and rice should be adopted in paddy field, multiple cropping of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang and corn should be adopted in dry land, and multiple cropping of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang and corn should be popularized in mountainous area of China.