杜甫歌行体诗的艺术境界

On the Artistic Attainment of Du Fu’s Gexing-style Poems

杜甫不仅对各种诗体的体类特征有准确把握,也对各种诗体的艺术各有突破,其歌行体诗歌形成了自己的独特艺术境界:一是以散句抒情,或感慨万千,或任意挥洒,充分将叙事、议论、抒情的功能融汇到一起,形成了“以气概盛”的情感力量;二是在结体方式上自由抒写,开合任情,牢笼诸象,起伏跌宕,潇洒自然,形成了开合自由的结体特点;三是无论写人或写物,总是尽可能从更多的角度去关注,形成了类似于“楚辞”的全面周到的关注视角;四是潇洒俊逸的审美特质。其歌行长篇,亦诗亦史,着力于全篇的回旋往复,标志着我国歌行艺术的高度。

Du Fu had not only an accurate grasp of the genre characteristics of various poetic forms, but also made a breakthrough in the art of different poetic forms. His Gexing-style poems have created a unique artistic realm. First, his poems express his feelings in scattered sentences, some brimming with emotion, some belonging to random narratives. They fully integrate the functions of narration, argument and lyric, creating the emotional power of ‘manhood’. Second, his poems use a wide range of registers, from the direct and colloquial to the allusive and self-consciously literary. Many poems feature rapid stylistic and thematic shifts, with natural and unrestrained structural styles. Third, his poems approach certain themes from multi-facets, enabling the poet to represent different facets of a situation and to form a holistic and thoughtful perspective similar to “Chu Ci”. Fourth, his poems are imbued with a natural, unrestrained and elegant aesthetic idiosyncrasy. Some of his Gexing-style poems are characteristic of both poetic and historical density and power of vision. These poems mark the height of Gexing-style poems in Chinese poetry.