经幡下的十里桃花:林芝嘎拉村游客感知旅游本真性研究

A Study on Tourists’ Perceived Authenticity of Gala Village of Linzhi

旅游是游客逃离日常,追寻他者本真性的体验过程。而社会发展背景下,不同语境下的游客本真体验存在不同。通过质性研究少数民族村寨——林芝嘎拉村的游客,发现其本真体验是客观本真性、表征循环下的建构和存在本真性、乡愁以及互动本真性的交织。而客观本真性则在局内人和局外人间存在认知的差异。同时,旅游体验过程中,游客经历了自我反思和自我意义的重塑。研究结果对进一步发展旅游本真性框架,探索旅游本真性进化过程以及提纯旅游本真性概念有一定参考意义。

Tourism is a social phenomenon that tourists escape from their routine life and pursue authenticity of the others, In the context of modern society, individuals have become tired of the homogeneity of urban life, and seek out cultural differences and continuity of self-identity by escaping to ‘primitive societies’, so the study of tourism authenticity has been an important aspect of tourism sociology.Previous studies divide tourism authenticity into objectivism authenticity、constructivism authenticity and existential authenticity.However, perceived place authenticity of tourists is gradually evolving following the social development, so inherent tourism authenticity may not be suitable for exercising all social contexts or research objects.Taking “GaLa” village of Linzhi as an example, the paper makes a deep discussion on perceived authenticity of tourists.As a typical Chinese ethnic village, GaLa village supports tourists in experiencing both rural tourism and ethnic cultural tourism.By using participant observation and in-depth interview methods, the present paper qualitatively collected field data and induced four research themes.Firstly, tourists from ‘mainstream cultures’ attempt to gaze upon the ‘primitive, backwards’ lives of Tibetans in order to guarantee the objective authenticity of their culture.Conversely, Tibetan tourists, who are cultural insiders, are able to objectively assess the significance of cultural symbols, and shared tradition allow such tourists to take full advantage of the objective authenticity of culture.Secondly, popular culture and high culture together form a guide for tourists’ selective gaze on local symbols.While tourists are not passively deceived by a staged performance, but actively participate in the staged performance, in what is called ‘performing authenticity’.Through this performance, tourists experience an authentic self-existence.Thirdly, ethnic minority village tourism is a combination of rural tourism and ethnic minority tourism, wherein tourists enter rural areas and experience reflective nostalgia.In one regard, this type of nostalgia is the most direct feedback that tourists receive from the temporal-spatial limen that they feel as a result of sensory experiences, and the physical shift that tourists experience causes them to recognize their self-existence.In another regard, nostalgia causes tourists to reflect on modernity, and to connect the present with the past and the future, thereby experiencing a continuity of identity.In this process, tourists experience a reformation of their self-existence and sense of self.Lastly, interpersonal authenticity is perceived by experiencing the “communita” between self and the others, in addition to conducting processes of cultural comparison and self-reflection.On this basis, the interwoven network of objective authenticity, circles of representation, nostalgia, and interactive authenticity together form the authentic experience for tourists in Gala Village, Nyingchi Prefecture.This study support theories and research values of the concept of the tourism authenticity.