我国公民境外旅游恐怖袭击的风险感知研究——基于风险文化理论的社会网络分析

Research on Risk Perception of Terrorist Attacks on Overseas Tourists in China ——Analysis of Social Network based on Risk Culture Theory

以恐怖袭击为首的非传统安全威胁连续事件的发生改变着人们的风险感知与价值理念。在全球风险社会化的时代,我国出境游客的旅行自由日益受到风险和安全的影响。本文以中国传统文化为背景,基于风险文化理论为框架,利用社会网络分析法对游客风险感知的网络文本进行深度剖析,发现游客在恐怖袭击风险感知和旅游决策中体现了“中庸思维”“他人本位”“差序观”的传统文化背景。具体表现在:“中庸思维”使游客不甘于在出游还是不出游中做出选择,“他人本位”理念使游客在对恐怖袭击的风险感知中容易站在群体的角度思考自身面对事件的小概率性,而“差序观”是游客在权衡利弊之后做出决策。即通过更改旅游线路达到“既此又彼”的目的。

In the era of global socialization of risks, the number of outbound tourists in China has increased rapidly, and the freedom of travel of outbound tourists is increasingly affected by risks.The rapid development of social media and network technology has shortened the perceived distance between people and terrorist attacks, and constantly amplified people’s perception of the risk of terrorist attacks.Frequent terrorist attacks in Paris and London have gradually changed the risk perception and tourism decisions of tourists.The risk culture theory emphasizes that every time it faces the risk problem, but the different cultural background groups have different perceptions of risk.However, influenced by the traditional “home-state” culture, the cultural background of Chinese citizens has been obviously collective.The characteristics of the doctrine and the “others’ standard”, based on the risk culture theory, are the assertions of the construction of specific cultural backgrounds.Based on the research question of terrorist attacks on domestic famous travel websites such as Ma Honeycomb, Ctrip, and Poor Travel Network, this paper analyzes the network text of tourists’ risk perception by content analysis and social network analysis based on the research perspective of risk culture theory.Centrality and semantic network analysis, structural homomorphism analysis, found that the moderation of thinking, the standard of others, the concept of difference as the cultural background of outbound tourists, in the perception of terrorist attacks and other risk events, shaping the risk perception and behavior of tourists.Specifically, the “moderate thinking” is to regard the opposite poles as yin and yang, and the actors take the best in the seemingly opposite state.The Chinese yin and yang thinking regards their “self” as “both now and again.” It is not self-contradictory, so the Chinese often seek a moderate state between self-demand and social situation.Before leaving the country , tourists have both the need to travel and the resistance to the tension of the terrorist attacks, so that tourists will find support points to balance the two states, and then change the route.The concept of “others-based” in Chinese culture means to stand on the standpoint of others to make judgments.When making decisions, they first think of others, and finally think of themselves.Decisions are easily influenced by others, and involve collectivist thinking.In the face of the risk of terrorist attacks, the concept of “others-based” has enabled tourists to weaken the individuality of individuals in groups, so that individuals always have a chance to face major events, and on the other hand, tourists make travel decision-making susceptible to herd behavior.The “differential view” refers to the external factors that need to be considered when the subject evaluates the event.The decision is made through the trade-off between gains and losses on fame and fortune.It means that the tourists' decision to travel should not only take the risk factors of the destination into account, but also consider the factors such as transportation, accommodation, etc., which are subject to high costs, time, their own tourism needs, and the attractiveness of the destination.The tourist route achieves the goal of “both now and again”.