基于超效率SBM模型的中国酒店业效率评价

Efficiency Evaluation of Hotel Industry in China Based on Super-Efficiency SBM Model

利用超效率SBM(Super-Efficiency Slacks-Based Measure)模型评估了2006-2016年中国31省和四大地区酒店业效率,并从投入冗余和产出不足两方面分析了酒店业无效率产生的原因。研究表明,中国大多数省份酒店业处于无效率状态,酒店业效率存在较大的提升空间。中国酒店业效率呈现出“东部高于中部、中部高于西部、西部高于东北”的空间格局。四大地区酒店业效率的变异系数呈波动上升态势,其中,西部地区酒店业效率的变异系数最大,东北地区最小。中国酒店业无效率形成的根源在于投入冗余。四大地区酒店业无效率产生原因存在着一定差异,在此基础上,提出了一些建议和对策。

Hotels became the foundation for local tourism economies and supported regional tourism development through providing the necessary accommodation, entertainment, catering, and meeting facilities.In an increasingly competitive market environment, it is an important and urgent issue for China to accurately measure and evaluate the efficiency of hotel operations, to explore the reasons for inefficiencies, to suggest possible optimal resource allocation , and to improve the competitiveness of China's hotels.This research evaluated the efficiency of hotels in 31 provinces and four areas (Eastern, Western, Central, Northeastern China) using the super-efficiency slacks-based measure (SBM) model.The reasons for operational inefficiency were assessed from two perspectives: input redundancy and output shortfalls.From2006 to2016, the average efficiency of star-rated hotels in China's Mainland was 0.769, and this could be improved by23.1%.The provinces with an efficiency of more than one (1) throughout this period included Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hunan, Qinghai, and Ningxia.The average efficiency in hotels was greater than one (1) in Beijing, Tianjin , Shanxi, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hunan, Tibet, Qinghai, and Ningxia, showing most provinces' hotels were inefficient.The relative efficiency of hotel operations by the four areas was the following: Eastern China > Central China > Western China > Northeastern China.The efficiency of hotels demonstrated differing coefficients of variation.The most significant coefficient of variation was for Western China, and the smallest was for Northeastern China.There were20 provinces in a state of hotel inefficiency in2016.This was the result of input redundancies.Regarding the input structure, fixed capital stock had a relatively low level of redundancy, but the input redundancy of the number of hotels, employees, and rooms was high.The output inefficiency of occupancy rate and operating revenues was very small.The total input inefficiency was the main source of hotel inefficiency in the four regions in China's Mainland, and was in ascending order from Northeastern China, Central China, Eastern China to Western China in2016.Total output inefficiency was very small.The individual input inefficiency of hotels in Eastern, Central, and Western China primarily resulted from the number of employees, hotels and rooms;in Northeastern China, it was from the number of hotels and the fixed capital stock.The individual output inefficient in the four regions was very small and was 0 in some areas.The efficiency of hotels in the inefficient provinces of China's Mainland can be improved through operational and strategic changes.At the operational level, input and output redundancies must be adjusted.The priority recommendation from this research is to adjust input redundancy.For the longer term, hotel group-driven branding and intensive development strategies should be implemented.Additionally, many hotels in China need to formulate and implement better and more professional talent strategies.The strategic implementation of a theme hotel product development strategy should be contemplated.