生物可降解高分子增韧聚乳酸的研究进展

Research progress on toughening polylactic acid by renewable and biodegradable polymers

聚乳酸(PLA)是一种新型的生物基可再生生物降解材料,因具有高机械强度、易加工性、高熔点、可生物降解性和生物相容性等优点而得到广泛的关注。然而,其固有的脆性,即低断裂伸长率和断裂强度严重限制了它在实际中的应用,但也因此吸引了更广泛的深入研究。本文综述了以生物可降解高分子增韧聚乳酸的研究进展,重点阐述了生物基聚酯,生物基弹性体,植物基生物高分子,天然橡胶和植物油以及生物大分子增韧聚乳酸的最新研究发展概况,同时提出了在经过改善韧性之后,聚乳酸存在的冲击韧性弱以及低结晶速率和低热转变温度等问题,并分析了未来的发展方向和需要关注的主题。

Polylactic acid (PLA), a new type of bio-based renewable biodegradable material, has attracted more and more attention because of its advantages with high mechanical strength, ease of processing, high melting point, biodegradability and biocompatibility. However, its inherent brittl-eness, low elongation at break and breaking strength severely limit its practical application and has also led to more extensive and comprehensive research. This review summarizes the research progress of toughening polylactic acid with biodegradable macromolecules, especially focusing on the updated development on bio-based polyesters, bio- based elastomers, plant-based biopolymers, natural rubber and vegetable oils, and biomacromolecules, and meanwhile, the problem of weak impact toughness and low crystallization rate and low thermal transition temperature of polylactic acid after improving toughness was proposed, and the future direction of development and the subjects needed to focused on was finally predicted.