全球锂矿供应形势及我国资源安全保障建议

The global supply situation of lithium ore and suggestions on resources security in China

全球锂矿资源70%以上集中分布在南美普纳高原的锂三角地区,中国锂资源探明储量为649万t,占全球的11.6%,居全球第三位。全球锂资源集中分布导致了寡头供应的格局,澳大利亚、智利和阿根廷供应了全球近90%的锂原料,当前全球锂资源尚处于供需平衡的状态,但中长期供需将为紧平衡状态。目前,我国是全球第一大锂消费国,消费量占全球的47.3%,尽管我国锂资源丰富,但供应能力较弱,生产成本高;虽然我国锂业公司掌握了境外部分优质锂资源,但国际话语权较弱;我国锂原料供应对外依存度高达84.5%,存在一定的安全隐患。建议在加强境内锂资源勘查投入和关键性提锂技术研发的同时,实现跨区域联合发展的锂全产业链建设;此外企业应在全球重点矿集区建立境外资源产业基地。

Over 70% of the world lithium reserves are distributed in the “lithium triangle”,Pune plateau,South America.China s lithium reserves are 6.49 Mt,ranking the third in the world,accounting for 11.6%.It gradually forms an oligopoly of supply because of concentrated distribution,Australia,Chile and Argentina supply nearly 90% of the world s lithium.Although the supply and demand of lithum are balance at present,but will be in a tight balance in the medium and long term,because the demand increases continuously and rapidly with the development of new energy industry,on the contrary,the release of the mining capacity is limited.China is the world s largest lithium consumer,accounting for 47.3% global consumption.Although lithium resources in China are rich,but the supply capacity is weak,the production cost is high.Chinese lithium company has acquired some high-quality lithium resources abroad,but the international speaking right is still weak.The lithium external dependence is as high as 84.5% in China,resulting in some security risks.It is suggested that the government should enhance domestic lithium resources exploration investment and key lithium technology research and development,achieve cross-regional joint development of the lithium industry chain construction;the companies need to establish resources base in the ore-centralization overseas area.