中国稀土市场政策规制研究

China's rare earth market policy regulation

本文在简要介绍世界稀土资源总体概况及国际市场供给现状的基础上,从分析稀土市场价格形成的一般机制入手,研究了中国稀土市场价格过低的产生根源。认为当前中国稀土市场因未能充分考虑生产过程中的生态环境污染问题而存在负外部性,由于存在外部性,稀土市场机制在有效组织经济活动时失灵。为纠正市场失灵,发挥市场在资源配置中的有效性,解决中国稀土产业发展中的市场价格过低、资源开采过度和生态环境污染等问题,需要发挥政府可以改善市场结果的积极作用,提出了开征稀土生产企业污染矫正税的政策建议。

On the basis of brief introduction to the general situation of the world rare earth resources and the present situation of international market supply,this paper has studied the origin of the low price of rare earth in China by means of analysis the general mechanism for the formation of rare earth market prices.It is considered that the current rare earth market in China has externality because it fails to take full account of the environmental pollution problems in the production process.Because of the externality,the effective mechanism of the rare earth market organization s economic activities has failed.In order to correct the market failure and give full play to the effectiveness of the market in the allocation of resources,the government should play an active role in improving the market results to solve the problems of low market price,over-exploitation of resources and the pollution of the ecological environment in the development of China s rare earth industry.The paper puts forward the policy of levying the pollution correction tax of the rare earth production enterprises.