兖州矿区农村居民点景观格局变化分析

Landscape pattern change analysis of rural residential zone in Yanzhou coal mining area

[目的]自然、人文等因素综合影响矿区农村居民点的空间布局、变化特征。本文旨在探明兖州矿区农村居民点时空分布变化的原因。[方法]以2009年、2012年及2015年三期的遥感影像为基础资料,提取农村居民点、道路、塌陷积水区和河流等信息,结合GIS的空间分析方法和景观生态学理论进行定量研究。[结果]2009—2015年间,矿区农村居民点数量逐渐减少,总体空间布局较分散,仅部分区域呈现微弱的聚集态势;在道路、河流、塌陷积水区的综合影响下,居民点通过旧址重建、整合并建等方式向矿区外的城镇迁移。[结论]道路、塌陷积水区、河流及政策等是引起居民点变化的原因,其中采矿扰动是矿区内农村居民点空间特征变化的主要原因。该研究对土地合理利用及农村居民点搬迁选址等政府决策具有重要意义。

[Objective] The spatial distribution and variation characteristics of rural settlements in mining areas is the result of the interaction between natural and human factors. The study was aimed to explore the cause of the spatial and temporal distribution of rural residential zones in Yanzhou mining area.[Methods]In this paper, the remote sensing images of Yanzhou mining area collected in 2009, 2012, and 2015 were used to extract the vector data of rural settlements, road networks, subsidence area, and rivers. The spatial pattern, the process, and the trend of the residential zones were quantitatively analyzed through GIS spatial analysis method and landscape ecology method. A series of landscape pattern indicators were employed to analyze the impact on the layout and evolution of rural settlements.[Results]The number of rural settlements in the mining area was in a decreasing trend, and the spatial distribution of the rural residential areas was in a state of decentralization from 2009 to 2015, but it showed a slight aggregation trend in some areas. Affected by road networks, rivers, and subsidence area, the settlements of the mining area were mainly migrated to the south-east and west through resettlement and consolidation.[Conclusion]Roads networks, subsidence areas, rivers, and policies are the major causes of residential relocation, and mining disturbance is a main contributorto the spatial characteristics of rural residential changes in the mining area.Present study is of importance for the government to make full use of land and support rural settlement.