国家安全治理的内外整合:以打击“东突”恐怖主义为例

Integration between Domestic and International Factors Concerning National Security Governance: A Case Study of China's Combat against East Turkistan Terrorist Forces

国家安全是一个动态演进的概念。现代意义上的国家安全概念产生于工业社会的民族国家,并体现出以民族国家为中心、强调外部安全的特征。目前,中国正在从工业社会向后工业社会转型。在经济全球化的影响下,国家安全风险出现了高度的复杂性和高度不确定性等特征,内外界限被模糊。总体国家安全观是契合中国向后工业社会迈进时代特征的系统性、整体性的国家安全观。它具有多元性、层次性、结构性和整体性等特征,强调对内部安全与外部安全、国土安全与国民安全、传统安全与非传统安全、发展问题与安全问题、自身安全与共同安全的整合。作为一个重要的国家安全问题,中国打击"东突"恐怖主义可以在总体国家安全框架下呈现新的图景。由于"东突"恐怖主义日益被打上后工业化时代的烙印,中国反恐怖的模式必须实现从"统治"向"治理"的演变,这是因为"东突"恐怖主义日益显现出组织的松散性、风险的流动性和行为的不确定性以及思想的激进化、活动的虚拟化和联系的全球化,对既有的反恐模式提出了挑战。中国应在统筹国家治理与全球治理的基础上,构建内外整合型的治理模式,实现对恐怖主义的国家治理与全球治理良性互动。

National security is a dynamic and evolving concept. In the modern sense, it originates from nation-states in the industrial society. This concept is centered on nation-states and can be very broadly characterized by the emphasis on external security. At present, China is undergoing a transformation from industrial society to post-industrial society. Under the influence of economic globalization, national security risks have been featured by a high degree of complexity and uncertainty with a blurred boundary between domestic security and international security. The overall national security outlook is a systematic and holistic concept in line with the characteristics of the times when China is becoming a post-industrial society. This concept is a pluralistic, multi-layered, structural and holistic one that emphasizes the integration of internal security with external security, homeland security with people’s security, traditional security with non-traditional security, development issues with security issues, China’s own security with common security. As an essential component of national security, combating East Turkistan terrorist forces will present a new prospect under the framework of overall national security outlook. Now that East Turkistan terrorist forces in the post-industrial era takes on such distinctive features as loose organization, ideological radicalization, virtualization of activities, global linkage, risk motilities and behavioral uncertainties, China’s anti-terrorism mode, facing such new challenges, should transform itself from “control” to “governance”. By coordinating national governance and global governance, China should construct an internally and externally integrated governance model and realize a positive interaction between domestic terrorism governance and global terrorism governance.