美国地铁车站设计及安全管理——以华盛顿地铁为例

Design of metro stations in the United States and safety management-a case study of the Washington Subway

地铁车站的合理设计与规划,一方面能够保障地铁的正常运营,另一方面也能够为市民出行提供便利。地铁车站作为地铁系统的重要一环,人员集中且环境较为复杂,安全问题尤其值得关注。以美国华盛顿特区地铁车站为例,从华盛顿地铁典型车站的设计、日常运营安全管理、恐怖袭击事件的防范与应对3个方面对其安全管理进行介绍,并对国内外地铁车站管理人员针对某些安全问题所采取的不同管理方式进行对比,分析各自优劣,以期能为国内各城市地铁车站的设计与运营管理提供参考。

An optimal design and planning of metro station not only ensure the normal operation of metro, but also provide convenience for the travel of urban residents. As an important part of the metro system, the metro station has a densely populated passengers and a complicated environment, so the safety problem is worth paying attention to. Taking Washington D.C. subway stations as examples, this paper introduces three aspects of the design of the typical subway station in Washington, its daily operation safety management, prevention and countermeasures on terrorist attacks and the city safety management, and compares the metro station management at home and abroad for some safety problems by use of different management methods, analyzes their respective advantages and disadvantages, so as to offer reference to the design and operation management for domestic metro stations.