中日韩北极最新政策评析

An Analysis of the Latest Arctic Policies of China, Japan and South Korea

随着北极海冰加速融化,连接东北亚与北美、北欧新的海上航线已经开通,各国都对此给予了密切的关注。无论是环北极八国,还是近北极国家,都制定了相关的政策。作为近北极国家的中、日、韩三国,在北极航线事务上既拥有共同的立场,又存在着激烈的竞争。力求在北极航线事务上抢占先机,日本与韩国均于2015年出台了最新的北极政策,对其北极航线事务的参与作出了具体的战略规划。根据参与全球海洋治理及国内外形势需要,中国也于2018年1月出台明确了的北极政策白皮书。中、日、韩三国的北极政策既有很大程度的共性,也有各自的特色。中国在此白皮书指引下,应加快出台《海洋基本法》,制定推进北极治理政策的具体执行计划。

As the accelerated melting of Arctic sea ice, a new sea route which links Northeast Asia with North America and North Europe has been opened. Nations are all paying close attention to such a situation. Some relevant regulations have been formulated by either eight surround-Arctic nations or other countries near the North Pole. As countries near the North Pole, China, Japan and South Korea have common ground of Arctic route issues. However, there exists fierce competition among them as well. In order to seize the initiative, both Japan and South Korea introduced their latest Arctic policies in 2015, which made specific strategic plans for their participation in Arctic shipping affairs. Based on the needs of participation in global marine environmental governance, and the domestic and international situation, China also issued a clear White Paper on Arctic Policy in January 2018. The Arctic policies of China, Japan and South Korea not only have a lot in common, but also their own characteristics. Under the guidance of the White Paper, China should expedite the promulgation of the Basic Law of Sea and formulate concrete plans for the implementation of the Arctic governance policy of China.