肺癌患者围手术期咳嗽的高危因素及护理干预对策分析

High risk factors and effect of nursing intervention for cough among perioperative patients with lung cancer

目的 探讨肺癌患者围手术期咳嗽的高危因素及护理干预的临床效果。方法 选择2016年3月~2017年12月因肺癌在本科治疗的192例患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各96例。其中对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用常规护理联合术前呼吸功能训练及给予抗感染、祛痰、平喘药物干预等综合护理措施。对比分析两组围手术期咳嗽的发生率、护理满意度、LCQ评分;同时对192例患者进行围手术期咳嗽的高危因素单因素分析。结果 观察组的围手术期咳嗽发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的护理满意度高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术前、出院时、出院后1、3个月的LCQ评分与对照组对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肺癌患者围手术期咳嗽的多因素logistic回归分析发现吸烟史、术前训练少、术后气胸是影响肺癌患者围手术期咳嗽的高危因素。结论 常规护理联合术前呼吸功能训练有助于降低肺癌患者围手术期咳嗽发生率、提高护理满意度及患者的生活质量,必要时术前应给予抗感染、祛痰、平喘药物干预。吸烟史、术前训练少、术后气胸等因素是肺癌患者围手术期咳嗽发生的高危因素,需要引起临床上的重视。

Objectives To explore high risk factors and effect of nursing intervention for cough among perioperative patients with lung cancer. Methods One hundred and ninety-two perioperative patients with lung cancer were recruited in our hospital from March 2016 to December 2017. Patients were divided into two groups: intervention group and control group. Each group has ninety-six patients. Patients in control group were given traditional nursing treatments. Patients in intervention group were given traditional nursing treatments plus anti-infective treatment, antiasthmatic content according to doctors′ advice as well as respiratory function training and physical training. Incidence of cough, rate of nursing satisfaction and LCQ score were assessed. High risk factors related to cough among perioperative patients were analyzed. Results Incidence of cough in intervention group was lower than control group ( P <0. 05). Rate of nursing satisfaction in intervention group was higher than control group( P <0. 05). LCQ score in intervention group was higher than that in control group( P <0. 05). High risk factors related to cough included smoking history, limited preoperative training and postoperative wound. Conclusions Traditional nursing treatment plus preoperative respiratory training can reduce incidence of cough, improve rate of nursing satisfaction. When it is necessary, anti- infective treatment and antiasthmatic content can be given according to doctors′ advice. High risk factors related to cough including smoking history, limited preoperative training and postoperative wound should be give more attention.