HPV致女性生殖道疾病及HPV疫苗现况

Female Genital Tract Diseases Related with HPV Infection and Current Status of HPV Vaccine

人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)是最常见的性传播病毒之一,在感染女性生殖道后可引起多种病理改变,其较高的感染率和高致病性严重危害了女性的生殖健康,其导致的常见临床表现主要包括一过性感染、生殖道疣、外阴上皮内瘤变、外阴癌、宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌。近年随着HPV预防性疫苗的投入使用,HPV感染率及相关疾病的发生率大幅度降低,对于HPV16/18型所致的宫颈病变,2价和4价疫苗的预防率可达到100%,仅少部分人群在接种后出现头晕、头痛、恶心及接种部位不良反应等情况,疫苗的安全性和有效性均已得到证实。现就HPV感染所致女性生殖道病理改变、HPV疫苗现况及HPV筛查的重要意义等方面进行简要综述。

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses. HPV causes a variety of pathological changes after infection in female genital tract. The high infection rate and high pathogenicity of HPV seriously endanger female reproductive health. The common clinical manifestations mainly include transient infection, genital warts, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, vulvar cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. In recent years, with the introduction of HPV preventive vaccines, the incidences of HPV infection and related diseases have been greatly reduced. For the cervical lesions caused by HPV16/18, the prevention rate of 2- and 4-valent vaccines can reach 100%. Only a small number of people have dizziness, headache, nausea and adverse reactions at the inoculation site after vaccination. The safety and effectiveness of HPV vaccines have been confirmed. We briefly review the pathological changes related with HPV infection in female genital tract, the significance of HPV screening and the application status of HPV vaccines.