浅谈西北灌区耕地盐碱化成因及对策

Preliminary studies on causes of salinization and alkalinization in irrigation districts of northwest China and countermeasures

灌溉在西北灌区农业生产中起着不可替代的作用,是农业增产增收的基本保障,也是当地生态环境的重要安全屏障。灌区耕地盐碱化一直是制约西北地区农业发展的重要因素,盐碱地形成既有自然因素,也有人为因素。目前,各地在盐碱地治理方面形成许多好的做法,取得明显效果。分析了内蒙古河套灌区、宁夏引扬黄灌区及新疆、甘肃等地灌区土壤盐碱化现状、成因,总结各地在盐碱地治理方面的主要经验及做法,提出政府主导、部门协调,规划先行、动态监测,工程为主、多措并举,科技支撑、培训指导,多元投入、统筹推进的对策及建议。

As a basic guarantee for yield increase and safety of ecology and environment, irrigation plays an irreplaceable role for agricultural production in irrigation districts of northwest China. Being the main constraint for agriculture development, salinization and alkalinization are existed in cultivated land of irrigation districts due to both natural and human factors. At present, many good practices have been adopted in the treatment of saline-alkali land and remarkable results have been achieved. By analyzing the current situation and causes of salinization and alkalinization in Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia, the Yellow River irrigation district of Ningxia and districts of Xinjiang and Gansu, the main experiences and practices in the treatment of saline-alkali land of various regions are summarized and several countermeasures are proposed including strengthening leadership, department coordination, early planning, dynamic monitoring, focusing on engineering and project construction, initiating multiple approaches, highlighting science and technology support and training, multi-channel investment and integrated approaches.