行为保全制度在互联网不正当竞争中的适用——基于全国47例典型行为保全案例实证分析

The Application of Act Preservation System In Internet Unfair Competition——Based on 47 cases of typical act preservation in China

随着互联网的纵深发展,从社交媒体、在线娱乐、新闻门户等内容产业,到数据网络、电子商务、搜索引擎、应用商店、输入法等工具应用,各互联网细分领域竞争都异常激烈,不正当竞争纠纷频发。内容产业成为互联网不正当竞争频发的新领域,数据不正当竞争大量爆发,流量入口是手机厂商的必争之地。《最高人民法院关于审查知识产权纠纷行为保全案件适用法律若干问题的规定》充分考虑互联网产业的发展实际,明确"难以弥补的损害"标准,坚持"利益平衡"原则,其出台更进一步规范互联网不正当竞争纠纷中行为保全制度的适用。通过对近六年全国典型行为保全案例实证分析发现,预计未来两年将会迎来行为保全案例爆发的高峰,互联网产业涉及行为保全案例最多,互联网竞争模式演化导致新型不正当竞争行为涉及行为保全比例持续增高。未来,建议行为保全司法解释修改完善时扩大对数字内容产业的适用范围,统一"胜诉可能性"标准,有效衔接诉前行为保全与诉中行为保全,提高互联网产业的司法保护水平。

With the in-depth development of the Internet, from social media, online entertainment, news portals and other content industries, to data networks, e-commerce, search engines, app stores, input methods and other tools, the competition in various Internet segments is extremely fierce, and unfair competition disputes occur frequently. The content industry has become a new field of frequent unfair competition on the Internet. Unfair competition in data has broken out in large quantities. Traffic entrance is the place that mobile phone manufacturer contends for necessarily.“Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in Examining Cases Involving Act Preservation in Intellectual Property Disputes” takes full account of the development reality of the Internet industry, clarifies the standard of “irreparable damage” and adheres to the principle of “balance of interests”. The introduction of judicial interpretation further regulates the application of the act preservation system in Internet unfair competition disputes. Based on the empirical analysis of typical act preservation cases in China in the past six years, it is found that it is expected that act preservation cases will peak in the next two years. The Internet industry has the largest number of act preservation cases, and the evolution of Internet competition mode leads to the continuous increase of the proportion of act preservation in new unfair competition behaviors. In the future, it is suggested to expand the application scope of the digital content industry when the judicial interpretation of act preservation is modified and improved, unify the standard of “possibility of winning a lawsuit”, effectively link the act preservation before litigation with the act preservation during litigation, and improve the level of judicial protection of the Internet industry.