绥远城八旗牧厂租银探微——以大青山后牧厂为例

On the Rent in the Eight Banners Pastoral Factory of Suiyuan City: Taking the Pasture behind Daqing Mountain as an Example

绥远城八旗牧厂,系清廷于乾隆三年(1738)赏给绥远城八旗官兵用作牧马的草厂。自乾隆六十年(1795)起,先后经四次开垦,并于嘉庆二年(1797)间始征租银。文章以大青山后牧厂为切入点,通过考察嘉庆二年(1797)至光绪十一年(1885)间已垦地亩的租银征收情况,发现自升科之初,其租银几乎年年积欠,同时还存在一定的挪用现象。此后,一部分积欠租银经补征完成,而另一部分租银最终被清廷所豁免,被挪用租银也包括在当中。之所以这样,一方面是清廷基于绥远城八旗牧厂客观条件的无奈之举,而另一方面是由于绥远城八旗牧厂已征租银满足了其开垦之初的目的,因而清廷才会主动让步。

The Eight Banners Animal Husbandry Factory of Suiyuan city was awarded by the Qing government to the eight banners for pasturing horses in the third year of Qianlong (1737). It has been re-claimed successively four times since the 60th year of Qianlong(1795),and has been charged rent since the 2th year of Jiaqing (1797). Taking the pasture behind the Daqing Mountain, this paper investigates the fact of its charged rent from the second year of Jiaqing (1797) to the I Ith year of Guangxu (1885), and finds that the rent not only was behind in payment year by year, but also was embezzled partly since the beginning of charged rent. The debt of rent was affected by natural conditions and charging rent institution. In addition, a part of defaulted rents has been charged afterwards, the other part of defaulted and embezzled rents has been exempted by Manchu Court. One reason is the reluctant action of Manchu Court based on the objec-tive conditions of the eight banners animal husbandry factory in Suiyuan city, the other reason is the active concession of Manchu Court considered the charged rents meeting the needs of reclamation at the eight banners animal husbandry factory in Suiyuan city.