超声诊断克罗恩病的研究进展

Research progress of ultrasonography diagnosis for Crohn's disease

克罗恩病(CD)是慢性非特异性肠道炎症性疾病,以反复腹痛和腹泻为主要临床表现,病情严重时可引起消瘦及贫血等全身症状,严重影响患者生活质量。常规X射线计算机断层扫描(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)及肠镜等检查方法在诊断该疾病时均存在一定弊端,不利于患者长期随访及病情的动态观察。而超声检查具有简便、无辐射、可重复及无创等优点,在CD诊断中可根据需要多次检查评估CD的严重程度、活动性及治疗效果,为此,对CD的超声表现、超声评价CD的活动性、CD并发症的超声诊断、超声对CD的鉴别诊断以及超声诊断CD的影响因素等进行综述,评估超声检查对CD诊断与鉴别诊断,以及CD活动性评价的重要性,阐述超声诊断CD的研究进展。

Crohn's disease (CD) is a intestinal inflammatory disease with chronic non-specific, which mainly clinical manifestation included recurrent abdominal pain and diarrhea. When it is severe, Crohn's disease can cause constitutional symptoms such as emaciation and anemia which would seriously affect the living quality of patients. Routine computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), colonoscopy and other examination methods have some disadvantages at certain degree in diagnosing disease, which are not conducive to long-term follow-up and dynamic observation for patient's situation. While ultrasonography is simple, radiation-free, repeatable and noninvasive, and it could be repeatedly used to examine and assess the severity degree, activity and therapeutic effect of CD in diagnosis of CD according to actual requirement. Therefore, this paper aims to summarize the ultrasonographic findings of CD, the activity of ultrasound-evaluation CD, ultrasonic diagnosis of CD complication, differential diagnosis of ultrasound for CD and the influence factors of ultrasonic diagnosis for CD. And this paper also assesses the significances of ultrasonography in CD diagnosis, differential diagnosis of CD and evaluation of CD activity, and it states the research progress of ultrasonography in diagnosing CD.