2016年“学生营养改善计划”试点地区学生维生素A营养状况分析

Status analysis on vitamin A among students in Student Nutrition Improvement Program in 2016

目的了解2016年"农村义务教育学生营养改善计划"(以下简称"学生营养改善计划")试点地区学生维生素A营养状况及其影响因素,为进一步实施"学生营养改善计划"提供基础数据。方法利用2016年"学生营养改善计划"试点地区50个重点监测县监测学生维生素A数据,分析他们的维生素A营养状况及其影响因素。结果 12 609名中小学生维生素A浓度均值为(0.35±0.10)μg/mL,有随年龄的增长呈上升趋势,均值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。调查学生维生素A缺乏率为1.57%,男生(1.88%)高于女生(1.26%)(P <0.05),小学生(2.03%)高于初中学生(0.74%)(P <0. 01)。维生素A边缘缺乏率为19.43%,不同年龄段维生素A边缘缺乏率差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),随年龄增长而下降。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男生、低年龄段学生及2周内基本不食用禽蛋类食物是维生素A缺乏的影响因素。结论 "学生营养改善计划"试点地区学生维生素A边缘缺乏状况较突出,小学男生更易发生维生素A缺乏,2周内基本不食用禽蛋类食物是维生素A缺乏的潜在危险因素。

Objective To understand the status of vitamin A among students in the pilot area of the “Nutrition Improvement Program for Compulsory Education Students in Rural Areas”( shorten as Student Nutrition Improvement Program) in 2016. Methods Data were from the monitoring data of students' nutritional status in the pilot area of the “Student Nutrition Improvement Program” in 2016. Serum samples of primary and secondary school students in compulsory education in ru-ral areas were analyzed. Serum vitamin A ( retinol) was determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results Totally 12 609 primary and middle school students were enrolled in this study. The mean serum retinol concentration was (0.35 ±0. 10)μg/ mL, which increased with age, and the difference of mean serum retinol concentration was statistically significant (P <0.05). The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency of the respondents was 1.57%, the male students (1. 88%) were more likely to suffer from VAD than the female students (1. 26%)(P < 0. 05), the pupils (2. 03 %) were more likely to suffer from VAD than the junior high school students (0. 74%)(P <0. 01). The prevalence of marginal vitamin A deficiency was 19. 43%. The prevalence of marginal vitamin A deficiency varied between different age groups and showed a declining trend with age (P < 0. 05 ). The results obtained by the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that boys, low-age group and lack of intake of eggs might be more likely to cause an increased risk of vitamin A deficiency (vitamin A deficiency and marginal deficiency). Conclusion The high prevalence of marginal vitamin A deficiency was more prominent among the students in the pilot area of the Student Nutrition Improvement Program, especially boysin primary school. Lack of egg intake was a potential risk factor for vitamin A deficiency.