变应性鼻炎发病机制研究的新进展

Recent Advances in Pathogenesis of Allergic Rhinitis

变应性鼻炎是特应性个体接触过敏原后由Ig E介导的I型超敏反应,以鼻腔粘膜为主要效应部位。在此过程中多种炎性细胞(辅助T细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、肥大细胞等)及细胞因子(IL-4、IL-5、IL-25、IL-33等)构成复杂的网络相互作用,共同促进了AR的发生发展。临床上传统药物治疗及过敏原特异性免疫疗法均有一定的局限性,本文通过对参与过敏性鼻炎发病机制的各个细胞及相关细胞因子的研究进展进行梳理,希望从中发掘出治疗AR的新思路和新靶点。

Allergic rhinitis(AR)is an immunoglobulin E(Ig E)-mediated type I hypersensitivity of the nasal mucosa which occurs when atopic individuals react to an inciting inhaled allergen.These inflammatory processes involves various immune cells(Th cell,Eosnophil,Basophil,Mast Cell,et al)connected by a complex cytokine network(IL-4,IL-5,IL-25,IL-33,et al),leading to the occurrence and development of allergic rhinitis.Although pharmacotherapy and allergen immunotherapy for AR have clinically proven effective,they still faces several drawbacks.Herein,we review the current knowledge and recent findings in our understanding on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying allergic rhinitis,targeting the new avenue to achieve therapeutic applications.