蒙汉通婚子代择校的原因分析

An Analysis of the Reasons for Choosing Schools for Children of Mongolian-Han Intermarriage

蒙汉通婚被认为是蠡测蒙汉民族关系的晴雨表。择校是家庭根据自己的教育需求做出的选择。蒙汉通婚子代择校问题是少数民族择校问题的微观讨论。以解放后第二代到第四代汉族移民作为时间跨度,以满都拉社区和昂素嘎查作为田野点,采用半结构和深度访谈的研究方法,描述了22个蒙汉通婚子代的择校状况。蒙汉通婚子代的择校现状整体呈现出以下特点:城乡差异明显;选择汉校的家庭不断增多;蒙汉通婚子代择校状况与父亲民族身份一致。进而分析了形成蒙汉通婚家庭子代择校现状的原因,主要有原生社区的人口规模、家庭语言使用、婚姻结构、教育水平和职业、优惠政策及就业。鉴于以上原因,蒙汉通婚子代择校既是文化和现实双重选择的结果,也具有民族交往的重要意义。因此,蒙汉通婚子代择校的原因分析研究为民族关系和民族文化传承发展研究提供微观视角。

The Mongol-Han intermarriage is considered to measure the relationship between Mongolian and Han people. School choices of Mongolian families are based on their educational needs. Choosing schools in the Mongolian-Han intermarriage family is a micro-discussion on the issue of school selection in the context of inter-ethnic marriage. Based on the time span of the second to fourth generation of Han immigrants after 1949, this study selects the Mandula community and the Aungsu village as the field sites and three generations of Mongolian-Han intermarriage families as the survey objects. By using the research methods of semi-structure and in-depth interviews, it describes the school selection status of 22 Mongolian-Han intermarriage families. The current situation of the school selection of the children of the Mongolian-Han intermarriage families shows that the number of families choosing Han school increases;the difference between urban and rural areas is obvious;and there are more families choosing Han school in towns. The reasons that affect children’s school choices are analyzed, mainly including population structures, language use of original communities, marriage structure, education level and occupation, urban-rural differences, preferential policies as well as employment. Therefore, the school choice of children in the Mongolian-Han intermarriage families is a result of culture and reality, which further highlights the significance of inter-ethnic communication and ethnic identity. Based on those influencing factors, researchers could make micro predictions for ethnic relationship and culture.