中国农村贫困地区婴幼儿贫血现状及影响因素分析

Current Status and Influencing Factors of Infant Anemia in Poor Rural Areas of Western China

本研究运用来自西部农村贫困地区4722名6～37月龄婴幼儿的跟踪调研数据,分析了西部农村贫困地区婴幼儿缺铁性贫血的发生情况及影响因素。分析表明,西部农村贫困地区婴幼儿贫血仍然是高发问题,平均有44.4%的婴幼儿患有贫血,6～12月龄的婴幼儿贫血率甚至高达49.7%,但以轻度贫血为主。婴幼儿贫血情况并未随着婴幼儿的长成持续改善。2013年至2018年,婴幼儿整体贫血率不但没有下降反而略有上升,6-12月龄时的贫血与其后的发展显著相关。这些都表明,针对西部农村贫困地区的婴幼儿贫血情况,需要外在干预。而影响因素分析表明,最重要的干预因素是照养人的喂养行为。因此,我们应积极寻找、建立有效的渠道向婴幼儿照养人提供营养健康知识,为婴幼儿的喂养提供社会化支持,改善照养人的喂养行为,以促进婴幼儿健康成长。

This study analyzed the occurrence and influencing factors of iron deficiency anemia among 4,722 infants aged 6-37 months from poor rural areas of Western China. The data show that infant anemia is still a high incidence problem in poor rural areas of Western China, with an average of 44.4% of infants suffering from anemia. For infants aged 6-12 months, the anemia rate is even as high as 49.7%, but mainly mild anemia. The anemia status of infants and young children did not improve with the age of month, yet showed a slight upward trend in different years. Research suggests that anemia at 6-12 months of age is significantly correlated with their subsequent development. All of these facts indicate that interventions are needed to improve anemia of infants and young children in poor rural areas of Western China. The analysis of influencing factors shows that the most important factor is the feeding behavior of the caregivers. We should actively seek and establish effective channels to provide nutritional and health knowledge to infant and child’s caregivers, provide social support for infant and child feeding environment, and improve the feeding behavior of caregivers, so as to promote the healthy growth of infants and children.