推动儿童早期发展——从个体到社会

Promoting Early Childhood Development: From Individual to Society

多项研究成果表明,儿童早期发展对个体的身体发育、大脑发展、心理健康有着长远影响,甚至会影响下一代的健康和福祉。数据显示,全球中低收入国家有近2.5亿儿童处于风险之中(极端贫困或发育滞后),他们的发展是促进经济增长、推动社会公平、实现全人类福祉的关键。母亲孕期及哺乳期的护理和喂养知识的普及、回应式养育照护的实施、对心理健康的关注等措施,能够有效提高孕产妇及婴幼儿的营养及健康状况。本文由儿童早期大脑发育规律及面临的风险开始,从干预内容、政府参与以及干预成本效益等方面,对有效的儿童早期发展干预项目进行了系统描述,并指出政府参与儿童早期发展的重要性,希望为未来各国在该领域的探索提供新的启示。

A number of research results show that early childhood development has a long-term impact on individual physical development, brain development, mental health, and even affects the health and well-being of the next generation. Data show that nearly 250 million children in low and middle-income countries around the world are at risk-in extreme poverty or underdevelopment -and that their development is key to economic growth, social equity and the well-being of all people. Nursing during pregnancy and lactation, popularization of feeding knowledge, implementation of responsive nursing care and attention to mental health can effectively improve the nutrition and health status of pregnant women and infants. This paper, first deals with the early childhood brain development rules and the risk involved, then systematically describes the effective early childhood development intervention from the aspect of content of the intervention, government involvement and intervention cost effectiveness. In conclusion, it points out the importance of government involvement in early childhood development, thus providing new inspiration for future research.