社会资本对生态移民贫困脆弱性的影响

Analysis of Poverty Vulnerability of Ecological Migrants from Social Capital

基于陕西省生态移民的实地调研数据,采用预期贫困脆弱性(VEP)方法测度生态移民户的贫困脆弱性,并通过探索性因子分析法测量受访移民户社会资本指数,在此基础上,运用Tobit回归模型和分位数回归方法,检验社会资本对生态移民贫困脆弱性的影响。研究结果表明:第一,社会资本的增加能够显著降低移民户的贫困脆弱性;社会资本的两个维度——邻里互助和亲友互惠,对贫困脆弱性有显著正向影响,邻里互助对高脆弱性移民户的影响效应较大,而亲友互惠对中等脆弱性移民户的影响效应较大。第二,户主健康状况、外出务工人数和家庭拥有的物质资产都会对贫困脆弱性产生正向影响。第三,户主年龄和家庭规模会对贫困脆弱性产生负向影响,女性户主比男性户主的脆弱性高。

Based on the field survey data of ecological migrants in Shanxi province, this paper estimates the vulnerability of poverty of ecological migrants with the expected poverty vulnerability(VEP) and the social capital index of the surveyed immigrants was measured by exploratory factor analysis method. On this basis, Tobit regression model and quantile regression were used to test the impact of social capital on the vulnerability of ecological migrants poverty. The results show that, first, the increase of social capital helps to reduce the vulnerability of migrant households. Two dimensions of social capital, neighborhood mutual assistance and friend reciprocity, have significant positive impact on vulnerability. The effect of neighborhood mutual help on the households with high vulnerability is greater than that of low and medium vulnerability. Reciprocity of relatives and friends has a greater effect on the households with moderate vulnerability. Secondly, the health status of the householder, the number of migrant workers and the material assets owned by the family have a positive impact on the vulnerability to poverty. Thirdly, the householder age and family size have negatively impact on poverty vulnerability. Female householder are more vulnerable than male householder.