农业一般服务支持政策的国际比较分析

A Transnational Comparative Analysis of Agricultural GSSE Policies

一般服务支持政策(GSSE)作为WTO"绿箱"组合中的主要政策工具日益受到重视,但研究却略显不足。OECD数据库的分析显示:与欧盟、美国、日本及巴西相比,中国GSSE投入绝对额快速增长,但是GSSE/TSE却迅速下降;单位耕地面积的GSSE支持高于除日本外的对比国家,但GSSE对单位农业人口支持力度却低于欧盟、美国、日本及巴西。此外,样本国家普遍重视对农业知识创新体系的投入,而中国有一半GSSE支出花费在公共储备上。进一步分析显示,中国重视农业知识的转移,但在农业知识创造方面投入较低。动态来看,降低公共储备支出占比,提高知识创新体系、检测与控制两类支出在GSSE中占比已成为各国普遍做法。结合其他国家经验与中国实践,提出加大GSSE投入力度、优化支持结构、加强检测与控制、加大营销推广力度及降低农业人口数量等政策建议。

General Services Support Estimate(GSSE) has attracted more attention as one of the primary policy tools in the "Green Box" of WTO, although there is insufficient research in this area. The analysis based on the OECD database,compared with Europe, America, Japan and Brazil, the absolute amount of GSSE investment in China increased rapidly, but the GSSE/TSE decline sharply.. The support of GSSE per unit arable land area is higher than that of other countries except Japan, while support to per unit agricultural population is lower than Europe, USA, Japan and Brazil. Moreover, the outcomes reveal that China attaches great importance to the transfer of agricultural knowledge but invests less in the creation of it. From the dynamic perspective, reducing the proportion of public reserve expenditure and improving the knowledge innovation system, the ratio of detection and control in the GSSE has become a common practice in many countries. Combining the experience of other countries with China’s practice, it proposes policy recommendations to increase investment in GSSE, optimize support structure, strengthen testing and control, increase marketing and promotion efforts, and reduce the number of agricultural populations.