化肥减施与液体有机肥配施对棉花养分吸收、产量的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Application Combined with LiquidOrganic Fertilizer on Nutrient Absorption and Yield of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

【目的】比较膜下滴灌条件下,氮磷减量与不同液体有机肥配施在棉花上肥效及其经济效益差异,选择合适的有机肥种类,提高氮肥利用率和经济效益。【方法】试验设11个处理,(1)常规施肥(NP);(2)80%常规施肥(80%NP);(3)80%常规施肥+低量氨基酸有机肥(80%NP+LAA);(4)80%常规施肥+中量氨基酸有机肥(80%NP+MAA);(5)80%常规施肥+高量氨基酸有机肥(80%NP+HAA);(6)80%常规施肥+低量黄腐酸有机肥(80%NP+LFA);(7)80%常规施肥+中量黄腐酸有机肥(80%NP+MFA);(8)80%常规施肥+高量黄腐酸有机肥(80%NP+HFA);(9)80%常规施肥+低量沼液有机肥(80%NP+LBS);(10)80%常规施肥+中量沼液有机肥(80%NP+MBS);(11)80%常规施肥+高量沼液有机肥(80%NP+HBS)。各重复3次随机区组排列。【结果】80%常规施肥会显著降低棉花生物量和产量。80%常规施肥配施中量氨基酸、黄腐酸和沼液处理棉花生物量和产量最高;有机肥用量相同时,配施不同类型有机肥处理间棉花产量没有显著差异。(4)施用80%NP+MBS处理的棉花经济效益最高,比常规施肥处理高9.4%。【结论】选择80%NP+MBS是提高新疆棉花产量和经济效益的效果最佳。

【Objective】 The project aims to compare the difference of fertilizer efficiency and economic benefit between nitrogen and phosphorus reduction and different liquid organic fertilizer applied on cotton under drip irrigation under mulch film in order to select suitable organic fertilizer species and improve nitrogen utilization efficiency and economic benefit.【Method】Eleven treatments were designed during the bud stage, flowering stage and mature stage, including(1) common urea;(2) 80% common urea;(3)80% common urea + low content amino acid(80% NP+LAA);(4) 80% common urea + medium content amino acid;(5)80% common urea+ high content amino acid;(6) 80% common urea + low content fulvic acid;(7) 80% common urea + medium content fulvic acid;(8) 80% common urea + high content fulvic acid;(9) 80% common urea + low content biogas slurry;(10) 80% common urea + medium content biogas slurry;80% common urea + high content biogas slurry.【Result】The results showed that:80% common fertilization could significantly reduce the biomass and yield;The biomass and yield of cotton treated with medium amount amino acid, fulvic acid and biogas slurry in 80% conventional fertilization were the highest;When the amounts of organic fertilizer were the same, there was no significant difference in cotton yield between different types of organic fertilizer treatments.The economic benefit of cotton treated with 80% NP+MBS was the highest, which was 9.4% higher than that of conventional fertilization.【Conclusion】The 80% NP+MBS has the best effect to improve the yield and economic benefit of cotton in Xinjiang.