牙列拥挤矫治方法及矫治技术的研究进展

Research Progress in Correction Methods and Techniques of Crowded Dentition

牙列拥挤是错?畸形中最常见的类型,造成错?畸形的原因是牙量与骨量或上下颌骨与牙弓的不协调,其受遗传及环境因素的影响。牙列拥挤的治疗原则是减少牙量或增加骨量,减少牙量的方法包括拔牙与邻面去釉,增加骨量的方法包括扩展牙弓长度及宽度。近年来,随着人们对正畸治疗的舒适度及美观要求越来越高,临床上出现了自锁直丝弓矫治技术、生理性支抗控制技术及无托槽矫治技术。把握各方法、技术的适应证至关重要,直接影响到正畸治疗效果及矫后稳定性。

Crowded dentition is the most common type of malocclusion,which is caused by the incongruity between the amount of teeth and the amount of bone,or between the mandible and the dental arch,and is affected by genetic and environmental factors.The treatment principle of crowded dentition is to reduce the amount of teeth or increase the amount of bone.The methods to reduce the amount of teeth include tooth extraction and deglazing of adjacent surface,and the methods to increase the amount of bone include extending the length and width of the dental arch.In recent years,with the increasingly high requirements for the comfort and aesthetics of orthodontic treatment,self-locking straight wire arch orthodontic technology,physiological anchorage control technology and non-bracket orthodontic technology have appeared in the clinical practice.It is very important to grasp the indications and techniques of each method,which directly affects the effect of orthodontic treatment and the stability after correction.