整合分析不同施肥运筹下中国农田土壤微生物量的变化特征

A meta-analysis approach to assess the effects of fertilizations on soil microbial biomass in China's farmlands

基于整合分析不同施肥运筹下农田土壤微生物量的变化特征,以期为制定合理的农田管理培肥措施,保障国家粮食安全和缓解气候变化提供科学依据。收集1990-2015年已公开发表的文献数据,采用数据整合分析方法 (Meta-analysis)定量分析施肥类型、施肥年限等人为管理及土壤属性(质地)等因素下施肥(化肥和有机肥)对土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)和土壤微生物量氮(SMBN)含量的影响程度。与对照(CK,不施肥)相比,不同施肥措施均能显著提高SMBC和SMBN含量。不同施肥措施下耕层SMBC和SMBN变化存在空间分异特征,尤其在西北区,厩肥和化肥配施(CFM)能够显著增加SMBC和SMBN含量。不同土壤质地条件下,施用有机肥能显著提高SMBC和SMBN含量。有机肥的施用(增施或配施),尤其在西北地区以及土壤肥力水平较低的沙壤土地区,对于农田土壤肥力维持与提升均具有重要意义。

Aimed at providing a scientific basis for formulating reasonable farmland management policy,safeguarding national food security and mitigating climate change,we integrated to analyze the variation characteristics of soil microbial biomass under different fertilizations.We collected the data from published literatures in 1990-2015,and used a meta-analysis approach to quantify the effects of fertilizations(chemical fertilizers and organic manure) on the content of soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and nitrogen (SMBN) with different spatial distribution,experimental duration and inherent soil properties (e.g.,texture).Compared with no fertilization (CK),fertilizations significantly increased SMBC and SMBN contents.Different fertilizations showed spatial differentiation in tillage layer;especially in northwest China,combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers significantly increased more SMBC and SMBN contents than those in northeast and southeast China.Significantly,loam soil with organic manure application was with more SMBC and SMBN contents than those of clay,silt-loam and sandy-loam soils.Therefore,organic manure application (addition or combination) would significantly sustain and improve soil organic carbon and fertility in northwest China or other low soil fertility areas.