我国暂行法的立法学考察:主体、程序、时效

Legislative Study of Temporary Law in China: Subject, Procedure and Prescription

暂行法是以立法主体、立法程序及立法时效三个参数组成的特殊立法形式,作为中国特色社会主义法律体系不可忽视的组成部分,发挥着过渡性、探索性、试验性的作用。然而当前,暂行法立法主体偏地方性和行政性,且《立法法》未明确暂行法的应用权限与范围;暂行法立法程序面临立法依据、立法理由及原则表决意涵的不确定等问题;暂行法时间效力上,仍存在生效时间规定模糊与失效时间不明的现象,造成循环暂行以及与正式立法的衔接问题。规范暂行法立法机制可以从明确暂行法立法主体及权限、增加暂行立法程序中理由说明制度与特殊表决制度、构建暂行法评估机制与转化机制等途径出发,最终实现法律体系内部的科学和谐与统一。

The temporary law is a special legislative form consisting of legislative subject,legislative procedure and temporal sphere of validity. It has become a necessary part of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics,which have played a transitional,exploratory and experimental role. However,the legislative body of the temporary law presents the characteristics of local and administrative,and the application of temporary law is not clearly defined in the Legislative Law. The legislative procedure of temporary law is faced with uncertainties in legislative basis,legislative reasons and the meaning of voting. The time validity clause of the temporary law lack standardization,which causes the problem of cycle implementation and cohesion of law,Regulating the legislative mechanism of temporary law can be carried out by clarifying the legislative subject and authority of temporary law,establishing temporary explanation of reasons system and special voting system,and constructing the evaluation mechanism and transformation mechanism. Finally,the scientific harmony and unity within the legal system will be realized.