行政规范性文件的生成形态及其类型化——基于功能主义的观察

The Formation and Typology of Administrative Normative Documents——An Observation Based on Functionalism

我国新修订的《行政诉讼法》将规范性文件明确纳入司法审查的范畴,由此有必要从理论上对规范性文件的生成形态及其类型化的法律品性展开深入研究。规范理论认为,判断规范的生成及其有效性,应该以动态的意志作用形态而非内容上的逻辑演绎作为判准。就规范生成的“依据”和“形态”而言,传统“规范主义”认为行政规范的生成必须以法律明确授权为具有对外效力的唯一标准,否认职权命令的存在;但“功能主义”则根据“重要保留”理论的解禁,不仅承认特定范围内职权命令的存在,也进一步释放了对执行命令的限制。基于“功能主义”的考量,根据法律对行政权的控制程度与范围的不同,我国的行政规范性文件可分为执行命令、授权命令与职权命令三种类型。基于每种形态生成的规范类型所具有的法律品性明显不一,司法审查由此而应该正确梳理每种规范类型的特性并分别给予不同的审查路径和判断标准。

When the new Administrative Litigation Law of our country brings normative documents into the category of judicial review,so it is necessary to cany out a deep study on the fbnnation of normative documents and the legal characteristics of their types in theory. The normative theory holds that the formation and validity of the judgment norm should be judged by the dynamic action of will rather than the logical deduction of the content. As far as the " basis" and " form" of the formation of norms are concerned ,the traditional " normalism" holds that the generation of administrative nonns must be based on the explicit authorization of the law as the only standard with external effect,and denies the existence of power orders. However,according to the theory of "important reservation",the " functionalism" not only recognizes the existence of power orders within a certain scope,but also further releases the restrictions on the execution of orders. Based on the consideration of"functionalism" and according to the dib ferent degree and scope of the control of administrative power by law,the administrative normative documents of our country can be divided into three types: executive order,authorized order and authority order. Based on the obvious differences in the legal character of the normative types-generated by each form,judicial review should sort out the characteristics of each type of norms,correctly and give different review paths and judgment standards.