情绪与背景呈现方式对联结记忆的影响

The Effects of Emotionality and Background Presentation on Item-background Associative Memory

情绪对联结记忆的影响已成为近期研究的焦点,但尚未得出一致结论。本研究采用复合情绪图片,通过2个实验,分别从项目、背景的情绪性及背景呈现方式两个角度对复合情绪图片的项目-背景联结记忆进行了研究,结果发现:(1)项目和背景的情绪性会对项目记忆产生不同影响,但两者都会抑制项目-背景的联结记忆;(2)背景的重复呈现与预先呈现都能促进复合图片项目-背景的联结记忆,但无法消除情绪对项目-背景联结记忆的影响。本研究发现注意窄化理论并不能完全解释情绪对联结记忆的影响。

Using composite pictures combined the item images with background scenes as experimental materials,we explored how emotionality and presentation style of the backgrounds would affect the item-background associative memory in 2 experiments by manipulating the emotionality of the items and the backgrounds as well as the presentation style of the backgrounds.The results showed that:1)item memory could be enhanced by emotionality of items,while could be inhibited by emotionality of the backgrounds;2)emotionality of items could impair the item-background associative memory,though emotionality of backgrounds existed;3)repeated presentation and preexposure of the backgrounds could enhance the item-background associative memory,but still could not eliminate the effect of emotion on associative memory.