人工智能政策扩散的机制与路径研究——一个类型学的分析视角

The Mechanism and Path of Policy Diffusion in AI Policy:A Typological Perspective

人工智能政策在国际和国内均存在扩散现象,洞悉其政策扩散规律对未来政策制定和执行大有裨益。本文以人工智能政策为研究对象,通过构建"政策类型-扩散机制"分析框架,从政策属性和政策内容两个维度探究国家战略类政策在国际和国内的扩散规律。研究发现:国家战略类政策扩散具有国际间的"软竞争型"和国内的"弱指令型"两种扩散机制;国际间的政策扩散受到政策相对优势、议题显著性、政策采纳成本和能力要求等政策属性的影响,表现出扩散空间分布的层次性和政策议题采纳的差异性;国内则存在"跨层级"扩散现象,中央指令压力是政策扩散的充分非必要条件,未来政策制定中应重视规避"选择性执行"和"跟风模仿"问题。

The diffusion of AI policy exists both at the international and the domestic.Insight into AI policy diffusion mechanisms will be of great benefit to future policy formulation and implementation.In this paper,AI policy is taken as the research object.By constructing the framework of "policy type-diffusion mechanism",this paper explores the law of diffusion of national strategic policies at the international and domestic level from two dimensions of policy attributes and policy contents.The research finds that the diffusion of national strategic policies has two mechanisms:international "soft competition" diffusion and domestic "weak instruction" diffusion.Policy attributes,such as relative advantages,issue significance,cost of policy adoption and capacity requirements,have significant effects on international policy diffusion,which is manifested in the hierarchy of spatial distribution of diffusion and the differences of policy issue adoption.There is a phenomenon of "crosslevel" diffusion in China’s AI policy,and the pressure of central instructions is only a sufficient but not necessary condition for policy diffusion.In the future,policy-making should be paid more attention to avoiding the problems of "selective implementation" and "follow-up imitation".