我国统编教材的历史沿革和基本经验

The Historical Development and Basic Experience of the Unified Teaching Materials in China

新中国70年除了“大跃进”三年、“文革”十年和21世纪前后“教材多样化”时期之外,大部分时间中小学教材实行的是“一纲一本、统编通用”的全国集中统一制度.并经历了四次较大规模、较长时间的统编教材期。为此,中央政府在统编教材的大政方针、教学计划和教学大纲(课程标准)、机构组织、编审队伍、出版发行等方面实行了得当的政策,可谓有放有收、收放自如。统编教材的历史经验表明:党的领导和国家重视是根本保证,社会主义公有制是经济基础,提高质量是核心任务,专业化建设是重要保障,出版发行是基本条件,科学研究是奠基工程。

Within 40 years before the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, four policies on unified teaching materials had been rolled out. However, they all had encountered many difficulties and failed to achieve the expected results. Ever since 1949, except for the periods of the threeyear "Great Leap Forward*', the ten-year "Cultural Revolution" and the years when "diversified policies of teaching materials" were advocated in the 21st century, the unified teaching materials have adopted the system of uone series of textbooks under the same syllabus, with unified compilation and nationwide usage", and have experienced four large-scale and long-term development periods. During this time, the central government has implemented appropriate major policies on fundamental issues, teaching plans and syllabuses (curriculum standards), organizations, editorial staff, and publications and distributions, which are arranged in a large degree of flexibility. All these policies have contributed a lot to develop the domestic education, improve the civil quality and serve the social economy, providing us with meaningful historical experience for reference.