生酮饮食对部分慢性疾病的作用机制研究进展

Research Progress of Ketogenic Diet on Some Chronic Diseases and Mechanisms

生酮饮食(Ketogenic diet,KD)是指一种高脂肪、低碳水化合物、适量蛋白质的饮食方式。生酮饮食作为难治性癫痫(Refractory epilepsy,RE)疾病的非药物治疗方法之一,已有近百年的应用历史。随着经典生酮饮食(Classic ketogenic diet,CKD)到中链甘油三酯饮食(Medium chain triglyceride diet,MCT)、改良阿特金斯饮食(Modified Atkins diet,MAD)、低血糖指数饮食(Low glycemic index treatment,LGIT)的演变,生酮饮食已不局限于治疗儿童难治性癫痫等常见神经系统疾病。最新研究发现,生酮饮食疗法在糖尿病及其并发症、肥胖症及相关疾病、肿瘤等慢性疾病的防控方面发挥潜在作用。本文综述了生酮饮食及其在慢性疾病改善方面的应用情况、可能的作用机制及其应用安全性,以期为KD进一步应用和推广提供论据。

Ketogenic diet(KD),refers to a diet of high-fat,low-carbohydrate and moderate amount of protein.As one of the non-drug treatment methods for refractory epilepsy,KD has been used for nearly 100 years.With the evolution of classic ketogenic diet to medium chain triglyceride diet,modified Atkins diet,and low glycemic index treatment,KD has been applied not only in the treatment of nervous system diseases such as children refractory epilepsy,but also in the prevention and control of other chronic diseases such as diabetes and complications,obesity and related diseases,tumors,as shown in the latest studies.This review aimed to explore KD and its application in the improvement of chronic diseases,by a brief summarization of the possible mechanism of action of KD,and discuss its safety.This study would provide a basis for better understanding and further application of KD.