Amplatzer Ⅲ型血管塞治疗外科心脏瓣膜替换术后瓣周漏的可行性和有效性

Feasibility and efficacy of percutaneous closure of paravalvuar leak in patients after heart valve replacement surgery using Amplatzer vascular plug Ⅲ

目的探讨应用Amplatzer Ⅲ型血管塞(AVP Ⅲ)治疗外科心脏瓣膜替换术后瓣周漏的可行性和有效性。方法采用回顾性研究方法,连续纳入2017年3月至2018年10月在北京安贞医院应用AVP Ⅲ治疗的外科心脏瓣膜替换术后瓣周漏患者21例,对其术前、术中资料及术后近中期疗效进行分析。结果瓣周漏患者年龄(54.9±11.7)岁,男性12例(57.1%)。二尖瓣替换术后患者8例(38.1%),主动脉瓣替换术后患者4例(19.0%),二尖瓣和主动脉瓣替换术后患者9例(42.9%)。二尖瓣瓣周漏14例(66.7%),主动脉瓣瓣周漏6例(28.6%),二尖瓣和主动脉瓣瓣周漏1例(4.8%)。17例瓣周漏患者的18处缺损完成介入封堵术,二尖瓣和主动脉瓣瓣周漏介入封堵术的技术成功比例分别为12/15和6/7。1例瓣周漏患者因术后出现股动脉假性动脉瘤,而行外科切除和股动脉修补术。瓣周漏反流量术前大量17例、中量1例,术后中量2例、轻量6例、无反流10例,手术前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后随访时间为(8.3±4.7)个月。术前纽约心脏协会(NYHA)心功能分级Ⅲ级10例(58.8%)、Ⅳ级7例(41.2%),术后心功能分级Ⅰ级12例(70.6%)、Ⅱ级5例(29.4%),手术前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。患者在术后无封堵器移位和影响瓣叶活动,无新发溶血或溶血加重。结论应用AVP Ⅲ治疗外科心脏瓣膜替换术后瓣周漏可行,近中期效果良好。

Objective To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of percutaneous closure of paravalvuar leak (PVL) in patients after heart valve replacement surgery using Amplatzer vascular plug Ⅲ(AVP Ⅲ). Methods In this retrospective study, consecutive PVL patients after heart valve replacement surgery receiving percutaneous closure with AVP Ⅲ in Beijing Anzhen hospital between March 2017 and October 2018 (n=21) were enrolled.The preoperative and intraoperative data and short-and mid-term outcome results were analyzed. Results Theage of patients in this cohort was (54.9±11.7) years, and there were 12 (57.1%) male patients. There were 8 patients (38.1%) post mitral valve replacement, 4 patients (19.0%) post aortic valve replacement and 9 patients (42.9%) post double valves replacements.There were 14 cases (66.7%) of mitral valve PVL,6 cases (28.6%) of aortic valve PVL, and 1 case (4.8%) of double valves PVL.Successful device deployment was accomplished in 18 defects from 17 PVL patients. Technical successful rate of mitral valve PVL closure and aortic valve PVL closure was 12/15 and 6/7,respectively. One patient received surgical repair due to procedure-induced femoral pseudoaneurysm.There were 17 cases of severe PVL and 1 case of moderate PVL before procedure, and there were 2 cases of moderate PVL, 6 cases mild PVL, and PVL disappeared in 10 cases after procedure (P<0.01 vs. pre-procedure). The follow-up time was (8.3±4.7) months. There were 10 cases (58.8%) of New York Heart Association (NYHA) function grade Ⅲ and 7 cases (41.2%) of NYHA function grade Ⅳ before procedure, and there were 12 cases of NYHA function grade Ⅰ(70.6%) and 5 cases (29.4%) of NYHA function grade Ⅱ post procedure (P<0.01). Post procedure, there was no displacement of the occluder and heart valve movement was not affected,and there was no new hemolysis or hemolysis worsening. Conclusion Percutaneous closure of PVL in patients after heart valve replacement surgery with AVP Ⅲ is feasible, and associated with favorable short-and mid-term clinical outcomes.