元太宗收继元太祖后妃考——以乞里吉忽帖尼皇后与阔里桀担皇后为中心

A Study on ■ Qa’an’s Levirate Marriage with ■ Khan’s Other Wives:Focusing on ■ Khatun

记载元皇室后妃最详者是《元史》卷106《后妃表》,卷114与卷116《后妃传》,但均未提及这些后妃在皇帝死后是否被收继之事。本文从波斯史籍所见元太宗窝阔台收继成吉思汗后妃中的忽兰与木哥两哈屯切入,聚焦于《元史·后妃表》记录的元太宗三皇后乞里吉忽帖尼,通过比对《史集》附录《五族谱》以及《贵显世系》中的相关记载,确定此人与《后妃表》所记成吉思汗大斡耳朵中的阔里桀担皇后为同一人。文章继而讨论了汉文与波斯文史料中记载的元和元以前流行于贵族与普通蒙古人中的异辈收继婚现象,论证了元皇室的异辈收继婚的社会基础,是内陆亚洲游牧民族的古老婚俗。

The kaiserins and imperial concubines were in detail recorded in Chapter 106 of Yuanshi元史,“Table of Empresses and Imperial Concubines”后妃表,as well as in Chapter 114 and 116“Biographies of Empresses and Imperial Concubines”后妃传.But there is no word mentioning the levirate marriage of these royal ladies after their husbands died.The paper starts from viewing the issue that gedei married Qulan Khatun and M ge Khatun of ACˇG inggis Khan after his father died,and then focuses on the third kaiserin of gedei,namly Qilijihutieni乞里吉忽帖尼mentioned in the Table of Empresses and Imperial Concubines of gedei in Yuanshi,and identifies her with the kaiserin called Kuolijiedan阔里桀担registered in the first Ordu of the same table,whose name was reconstructed as Q rgh ghutan by Paul Pelliot.The paper continues to discuss the issue that the levirate marriage between sons and wives of their fathers among nobilities and ordinary Mongols before and during the Yuan period,and proves that the levirate marriage between men and women of different generations in Mongol-Yuan royal family,was base on the old marriage tradition of Inner Asian nomads.