无人机在河流遥感中的应用最新进展

Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Fluvial Remote Sensing: an Overview of Recent Achievements

以前从生态、形态学和水力观点理解河流过程主要依赖有限的现场观测或基于卫星载遥感的稀疏空间和时间测量。随着无人机的出现以及传感器技术的进步,测量活动已发生革命性变化,江河观测已发生从局部向整体的根本性变化,从静态向动态转变。无人机可以相对低的成本提供精细的空间和时间分辨率测量,与传统卫星或飞行员控制的机载系统相比,更适合窄江河和小湖泊过程分析。本文中,我们综合回顾并证明在河流环境及其它各种有关应用中无人机载遥感所获得的至关重要的成就。本文重点研究水滨植被、危险茂盛水藻、水中形态、水面倾斜、沉积物、河流流速、天灾,包括洪水测绘方面无人机载河流遥感。

Previously, understanding of the fluvial process from the ecological, morphological, and hydrodynamic perspectives has largely relied on the limited scale of in-situ field observation or the sparse spatial and temporal scale of satellite-based remote sensing. However, with the recent advent of unmanned aerial vehicles ( Vs) and concurrent advances in sensor technology,measurement campaign has been revolutionized and the view of rivers has fundamentally changed from the local scale to the holistic scale;the perspective has shifted from a static to a dynamic one. UAVs can provide a fine spatial and temporal resolution of measurements with a relatively low cost, which, as compared to conventional satellite or pilot-controlled airborne systems, can be more suitable for the analysis of fluvial processes in narrow rivers and small lakes. In this paper, we comprehensively review and document various crucial achievements driven by UAVs-based remote sensing in fluvial environments, among a variety of other relevant applications. Specifically, the paper highlights the UAV-based fluvial remote sensing in terms of riparian vegetation, hazardous aquatic algae blooms, submerged morphology, water-surface slope, sedi? ment, flow velocity, and disasters, including flood inundation mapping.