德才兼备:基于能力与道德视角的领导地位巩固机制研究

Having Both Ability and Morality: The Reinforcing Mechanism of Leader Status from the Perspective of Ability and Morality

以往研究认为领导地位具有自我强化的属性,但鲜有研究探索领导地位巩固的过程机制。借鉴预期状态理论和品行德性理论的基本逻辑,从能力和道德视角构建了领导地位动态巩固的理论模型,即高地位领导经历正强化,低地位领导经历负强化,从而形成强者愈强的地位巩固机制。具体而言,与低地位领导相比,高地位领导会表现出更多的主动行为和合作行为,这会提升员工对领导的能力感知,进而提升领导的当前地位;此外,高地位领导会通过采取更多的正直行为和公平行为来加强员工对领导的道德感知,进而帮助领导获取更高的当前地位。该理论模型有助于打开领导地位巩固过程的黑箱,对于领导获取并维持较高的地位水平具有借鉴意义。

Social hierarchy researchers believe that leader status has self-reinforcing nature, but little attention has been paid to explore the dynamical reinforcing processes of leader status. Drawing on the basic logic of expectation states theory and moral virtue theory, the present study constructs the dynamical reinforcing model of leader status from the perspective of ability and morality. That is, high status leaders experience positive reinforcement, whereas low status leaders experience negative reinforcement, thus forming the status reinforcing mechanism of "the strong get stronger and the weak get weaker". Specifically, compared with low status leaders, high status leaders will show more proactive behavior and cooperative behavior, which will enhance employees' ability perception to their leaders and thus enhance their leaders' status. In addition, high status leaders will strengthen employees' morality perception to them by adopting more integrity behavior and fair behavior, which in turn enhance their subsequent status. This theoretical model is helpful in opening the black box of the self-reinforcing process of leader status and provides great implications for leaders to obtain and maintain a high level of status.