照料制度与家政业劳动关系——西方主流发展模式述评

Care System and Labor Relations in Domestic Service Industry:A Review of the Development Models in the West

本文以埃斯平-安德森《福利资本主义的三个世界》一书的分析框架为基础,建构起福利制度背景下照料制度与家政业劳动互动所形成的三类西方家政业主流发展模式:英国、美国为代表的市场化模式;德国、法国为代表的社会保险模式;以及北欧四国为代表的公共服务模式。之后,基于对照顾需求的多样化认识,加入了合作社模式作为未来多元模式发展趋势的补充。基于对以上模式的分析,综合总结了促进家政业发展在宏观福利制度、具体法律政策等层面需关注和澄清的重要策略。

Based on the analytical framework of Esping-Andersen's "The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism", this paper constructs three kinds of development models domestic service industry in Western Countries: the marketoriented model represented by the United Kingdom and the United States;the social insurance model represented by Germany and France;and the public service model represented by the four Nordic countries. At the same time, based on the diversity of care needs, the cooperative model is added as a supplement to the future development trend. Based on the analysis of the above modes, this paper summarizes the important strategies to promote the development of domestic service industry which need to be paid attention to and clarified.