不同植物油在反刍动物生产应用中的研究进展

Research progress of varieties of vegetable oil in ruminant production

植物油是从植物种子、果肉及其他部分提取所得的脂肪,主要包括单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸和磷脂。反刍动物日粮中添加植物油不仅能提高日粮能量,还能提高动物体内必需脂肪酸及功能性脂肪酸在畜产品中的含量。植物油在反刍动物应用中较为广泛,饲料中添加植物油,提高了日粮能量水平、乳肉中共轭亚油酸(CLA)的含量、奶牛生产性能,缓解热应激带来的损失及奶牛能量负平衡,改善了饲料的适口性及动物乳肉品质,增加了牧场经济效益。根据饲料营养水平科学配比植物油的添加量,不仅提高饲料的利用效率,节省饲料成本,还能增强反刍动物生产性能,对发展绿色养殖业发挥了重要的作用。文章结合国内外研究进展,综述了不同植物油在反刍动物生产中的应用。

Vegetable oil is obtained from plant seeds, pulp and other parts, mainly including monounsaturated fatty acids,polyunsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids. The addition of vegetable oil to ruminant diets not only increases dietary energy, but also increases the levels of essential fatty acids and functional fatty acids in animal products. Vegetable oil is widely used in ruminant application. Vegetable oil is added to the feed, which improves the energy level of the diet, the content of CLA in the milk, the performance of the cow, alleviate the loss caused by heat stress and the negative balance of energy in dairy cows, improve the palatability of feed and the quality of animal milk, and increases the pasture economic benefits. According to the nutritional level of feed, the scientific addition ratio of vegetable oil can not only improve the utilization efficiency of feed, save feed cost, but also enhance the production performance of ruminant, and play an important role in the development of green farming. Based on the research progress from home and abroad, this paper reviews the application of vegetable oil in the production of ruminants.